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1.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3): 1801-1813, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886769

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Foliar diseases impose severe restrictions on the persistence and productivity of Medicago sativa, both of which may be increased by developing disease resistant and more competitive genotypes that can improve pasture quality. We found Curvularia geniculata as the principal alfalfa foliar pathogen in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Growth chamber experiments evaluated the resistance of alfalfa genotypes 'E1C4', 'CPPSul', 'ABT 805' and 'CUF-101' to C. geniculata as compared the control 'Crioula' genotype. These genotypes were also evaluated in field trials at a sea level site in Eldorado do Sul in central RS and at two sites £200 m above sea level, one in Bagé municipality in south west RS and the other at a farm near the town of Alto Feliz in north east RS. Plants were spray-inoculated with 1.6 x 106 ml-1 of C. geniculata spores and visually evaluated for leaf damage 14 days later. The C. geniculata infection rates varied from zero to 100%. Alfalfa persistence and forage mean dry mass (DM) production at the Eldorado site were measured during different seasons from November 2013 to January 2015 by calculating the incidence of invasive plants and morphologically separating leaves from stems and calculating both leaf and stem DM. Data were analysed using mixed statistical models. The best results for persistence and forage DM were shown by the 'CPPSul' genotypes (DM = 16,600 kg ha-1) and 'Crioula' (DM = 15,750 kg ha-1). These two genotypes will be used for subsequent investigations and selection cycles.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/pathogenicity , Selection, Genetic/genetics , Medicago sativa/genetics , Medicago sativa/microbiology , Ascomycota/classification , Seasons , Brazil , Genotype
2.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1733-1743, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-243675

ABSTRACT

Genome editing is a novel targeted genome modification biotechnology, which could successfully mutate specific loci as well as generate gene replacement and insertion in various organisms. So far, genome editing technology has been widely applied in investigating gene function and developing valuable traits in both model plants and major crops. In this review, we briefly survey the historical development of genome editing technology, summarize recent progress using the CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and explore the potential of the CRISPR/Cas technology in improving forage legumes.

3.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 11(2): 6-17, jul.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-952536

ABSTRACT

Abstract A study of the in vitro fermentation dynamics of the forages star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus; E), Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus; G) and Leucaena leucocephala (L), available in intensive silvopastoral systems (ISS) was carried out. Samples of these forages were harvested in ISS set in tropical dry forest in the Valle del Cauca, Colombia. With these forages, ten mixes or different treatments were generated: E100, G100, L100, E33G66, E66G33, L33E66, L66E33, L33G66, L66G33 and L33E33G33. The shorter lag phase was observed with L100 (7.02 h) and E33G66 (7.11 h), lower (a= 0.05) than that of L33E66 (10.22 h) and G100 (9.85 h). The maximum production of gas (a) ranged between 97.34 and 253 ml/ g substrate for L100 and G100, respectively. The lowest HIP value was obtained with L100 (23.3 hours) and the gas accumulated to that point was 35.08 ml, which coincides with the lower value. The treatments that most accumulated gas were the grasses alone or their mixtures and those with the least accumulated gas included leucaena. Regarding FP, after 24 hours of incubation, the greater values occurred with L100 and mixtures that included leucaena. It is concluded that the inclusion of Leucaena was associated with decreases in the lag phase time and maximum gas production rates and with high values of FP, characteristics that may be associated with more efficient fermentation processes.


Se estudió la dinámica fermentativa in vitro de los forrajes pasto estrella (Cynodon plectostachyus; E), pasto guinea (Megathyrsus maximus; G) y leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala; L), disponibles en sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos (SSPi). Se recolectaron muestras en SSPi establecidos en bosque seco tropical en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se realizaron 10 mezclas o tratamientos con diferentes porcentajes de inclusión: E100, G100, L100, E33G66, E66G33, L33E66, L66E33, L33G66, L66G33 y L33E33G33. El menor tiempo de fase Lag se observó con L100 (7,02 h) y E33G66 (7,11 h), menores (a = 0,05) a L33E66 (10,22 h) y G100 (9,85 h). Las producciones máximas de gas (a) variaron entre 97,34 y 253 ml/g sustrato para L100 y G100, respectivamente. El menor valor de HPI se obtuvo con L100 (23,3 horas) y el gas acumulado a ese punto fue 35,08 ml, que coincide con el valor más bajo. Los tratamientos de mayor acumulación de gas fueron los que incluyeron gramíneas solas o sus mezclas y los de menor acumulación de gas fueron los que incluyeron leucaena. En cuanto al FP, a las 24 horas de incubación los valores más altos se presentaron con L100 y en las mezclas que incluyeron leucaena. Se concluye que la inclusión de leucaena estuvo asociada a disminuciones en el tiempo de fase lag y tasas máximas de producción de gas, así como con altos valores de FP, características que pueden asociarse a mayor eficiencia en los procesos de fermentación.


Resumo Estudou-se a dinâmica fermentativa in vitro das forrageiras do capim estrela (Cynodon plectostachyus; E), capim coloni ão (Megathyrsus maximus; G) e leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala; L), disponíveis em sistemas silvopastoris intensivos (SSPi). Tomaram-se amostras em SSPi estabelecidos em bosque seco tropical no Vale do Cauca, Colômbia. Realizaram-se 10 misturas ou tratamentos com diferentes porcentagens de inclus ão: E100, G100, L100, E33G66, E66G33, L33E66, L66E33, L33G66, L66G33 e L33E33G33. O menor tempo da fase Lag se observou com L100 (7,02 h) e E33G66 (7,11 h), menores (a = 0,05) a L33E66 (10,22 h) e G100 (9,85 h). As produções máximas de gás (a) variaram entre 97,34 e 253 ml/g substrato para L100 e G100, respectivamente. O menor valor de HPI obteve-se com L100 (23,3 horas) e o gás acumulado nesse ponto foi 35,08 ml, que coincide com o menor valor. Os tratamentos de maior acumulação de gás foram os que incluíram gramíneas solas ou suas misturas e os de menor acumulação de gás foram os que incluíram leucaena. Em quanto ao FP, as 24 horas de incubação os valores maiores apresentaram-se com L100 e em misturas que incluíram leucaena. Pode se concluir que a inclus ão de leucaena esteve associada a diminuições no tempo de fase lag e taxas máximas de produção de gás, assim como com altos valores de FP, características que podem-se associar com a maior eficiência nos processos de fermentação.

4.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(6): 1038-1043, June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779832

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different gliricidia planting densities on productive and qualitative parameters. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Pedro Arle, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), in Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil. The effect of densities of 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1 was tested in biomass production (fresh and dry), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), in gliricidia leaves and tender stems. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replications. Production of leaf and stem fresh biomass; production of leaf dry matter; percentage of fresh leaves in relation to the total fresh matter; and percentage of leaf dry matter of 13 cuttings were evaluated from September 2nd, 2009 to December 18th, 2013. There was increase in the production of total fresh matter, leaf fresh matter, and leaf dry matter (P<0.05) in planting densities greater than 20,000 plants ha-1. Year effect (P<0.05) was found only for total production of fresh matter, production of fresh leaves, percentage of leaf fresh matter, leaf dry matter content and crude protein.


RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de plantio de gliricídia sobre parâmetros produtivos e qualitativos. O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental Pedro Arle, da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brasil, o efeito das densidades de cultivo de 10.000; 20.000; 30.000 e 40.000 plantas ha-1 foi testado nos rendimentos de biomassa (verde e seca), teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) em folhas e caules mais tenros de gliricidia. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A Produção de biomassa fresca de folhas e caules, a produção de massa seca de folhas, a porcentagem de folhas frescas relacionados à biomassa fresca total, a porcentagem de matéria seca nas folhas de 13 cortes foi avaliada durante o período de 02/09/2009 e 18/12/2013. As produções de biomassa fresca total, biomassa das folhas frescas, matéria seca de folhas aumentaram (P<0,05) com densidades de plantio superiores a 20.000 plantas ha-1. Foi encontrado efeito do ano (P<0,05) apenas para a produção total de biomassa fresca, produção de folhas frescas, porcentagem de biomassa de folhas frescas, teor de matéria seca das folhas e PB.

5.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(9): 1632-1638, set. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600700

ABSTRACT

O trevo branco é uma leguminosa forrageira muito importante para utilização em pastagens temperadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Entretanto, ele é mais sensível ao déficit de água no solo do que as outras leguminosas perenes, apresentando problemas de persistência no verão. Com o objetivo de determinar características morfofisiológicas relacionadas à resposta ao déficit hídrico dessa espécie, foi realizado um experimento em casa-de-vegetação, o qual avaliou o efeito da disponibilidade hídrica (90 e 40 por cento da umidade de capacidade de campo do solo) sobre sete acessos pertencentes à Coleção Nuclear de Trevo Branco do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, totalizando 56 vasos. Foram realizadas duas avaliações, aos 130 e aos 196 dias após a semeadura, ocasião em que foram avaliadas diversas características morfofisiológicas. A análise dos resultados indicou que o déficit hídrico teve um efeito marcante sobre a altura de plantas (EST), área foliar (AF), número de folhas vivas (NFV), comprimento de estolão (CES), produção de massa seca (MSPA), taxa fotossintética (A), condutância (g) e eficiência do uso da água (EUA). Nas duas avaliações, em ambas as disponibilidades hídricas, verificaram-se correlações positivas e significativas (P<0,01) entre CES e NFV (r≥0,51), assim como entre AF e EST (r≥0,62). O acesso 1 foi o mais tolerante ao estresse hídrico, apresentando maior produção de MS sob alta disponibilidade hídrica, e uma das maiores produções de MS sob déficit hídrico. As características NFV e A poderiam ser usadas para a seleção precoce de plantas de trevo branco para tolerância ao estresse hídrico.


The white clover is a forage legume very important for use in temperate pastures in Rio Grande do Sul. However it is more sensitive to water deficit in the soil than other perennial legumes, presenting a lack of persistence in the summer. With the objective of determining morphophysiological traits related to the answer to the water deficit of this species, an experiment was carried out in greenhouse, which evaluated the effect of water availability (90 and 40 percent of the soil moisture field capacity) on seven genotypes belonging to the white clover core collection from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The experimental design used was completely random, with four repetitions, totaling 56 pots. Two evaluations were made, at 130 and 196 days after the sowing, when several traits were measured. The analysis of the results indicated that the water deficit had an outstanding effect on most of the variables, such as plant height (PH), foliar area (FA), number of alive leaves (NAL), length of primary stolon (LPS), dry matter of the aerial part (DMAP), photosynthesis rates (A), conductance (g), and water use efficiency (WUE). In both evaluations, regardless the water availability, there were positive and highly significant correlations (P<0.01) between LPS and NAL (r≥0.51), as well as between FA and PH (r≥0.62). Therefore, the best access under stress was the 1, which presented larger productions of DMAP at the 90 percent level and one of the most productions of DMAP under stress. The NAL and the A are morphological traits that could be used for early white clover selection for tolerance to water stress.

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